Mariel S. Mitidieri1, María Virginia Brambilla1, Estela B. Piris1, Martín Barbieri1, Marisol Cuellas1, Paula Amoia1, Pablo Gauna1, Verónica Obregón1, Patricia Baffoni1, Enrique Muzi1, Natalia Meneguzzi1, Cristian Álvarez1, Alberto Muguiro1, Ceferino Flores1, Ignacio Fernández1, Iohanna Yosviak1, Susana Martínez2, Mariana Garbi2, Marco D’Amico2, Omar Perniola2, Néstor Paolinelli3, Juan Candelario García3, Omar Medina4, Santiago Checa5, Javier Bautista4
1Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA); Argentina
2Universidad Nacional de La Plata. (UNLP). Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Argentina
3Productor; Argentina
4Universidad Nacional de Jujuy (UNJu).Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina
5Asesor privado. Argentina
[email protected]
Abstract
Biofumigation (B) and biosolarization (BS) in Argentina are mainly applied in under protected cultivation crops where high nematodes and soil pathogens populations originate. Experiences have been carried out in the provinces of Jujuy, Salta, Corrientes, Entre Ríos, Tucumán, Mendoza, Córdoba, Río Negro, Neuquén, La Pampa, etc. BS has been adopted by farmers in the north of the country, where high summer temperatures do not allow cultivation. In Corrientes, a subtropical province with more than 1700 ha of greenhouses, incorporation of chicken manure (CM) and bovine manure, pine leaves, grass, cabbage and sorghum in the greenhouse soil before S was effective against R. solanacearum, P. aphanidermatum, R. solani and S. rolfsii. In the center of the country, crops are grown under a temperate climate in more than 6000 ha of greenhouses near Buenos Aires city. Summer BS has been evaluated with good results for the control of weeds, tomato soil pathogens and N. aberrans, with application of BRO, GA, cabbage and tomato residues. At INTA San Pedro, an experiment has been carried out for 20 years. BS was tested with two strategies: a succession of organic amendments (chicken manure, BRO, tomato, bell pepper and rocket crop residues and mustard) and another based only on brassicas (rapeseed, BRO, mustard, B. campestris, B. carinata). In Cordoba, BS using CM, sorghum and Brassica was effective against weeds and damping off pathogens affecting nurseries. In Mendoza, a province with an arid, continental climate near the Andes Mountains, summer is hot, and control of strawberry diseases and nematodes such as Meloidogyne, Ditylenchus has been achieved using canola as a fumigant in the greenhouse. In Bahía Blanca, a city with a colder climate, M. hapla was controlled using cattle manure and cauliflower in spring and summer in the greenhouse, and nematodes of the same genus were controlled in winter using Melia azedarach seeds. In northern Patagonia, a semi-arid region with hot summers but very cold winters, S. rolfsii, weeds in onion and tomato nurseries were controlled in the field in summer using CM and cabbage; F. oxysporum was also controlled in onion using cabbage in autumn and summer. B and BS are viable alternatives for the integrated management of soil pathogens in Argentina.
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